He took 0.00004cm thick gold foil, on which alpha particles were bombarded. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. His two primary observations were: Most particles passed straight through the gold foil, which showed that atoms are mostly empty space. Rutherford's scattering experiment: Rutherford's model of an atom : Ernest Rutherford was interested . 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Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. He concluded that all the mass of the Atom and all the positive particles embedded in it are all contained in this infinitely tiny mass which he called the Nucleus. He performed an experiment using alpha particles and gold foil and made the following observations: From his experiment, he came to the following conclusions: From these conclusions, he calculated that the radius of the nucleus is around 105 times less than that of the atom. Rutherfords atomic model failed to explain the stability of electrons in a circular path. Let m and v be the mass and velocity of the -particle directed towards the centre of the nucleus. In 1909, Ernest Rutherford's student reported some unexpected results from an experiment Rutherford had assigned him. Disclaimer Thus, the Rutherford model of the atom failed to explain the. 4. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. But rather, it is concentrated over a very small area. In 1904, Thomson proposed the "plum pudding" model of atoms, which described a positively charged mass with an equal amount of negative charge in the form of electrons embedded in it, since all atoms are electrically neutral. (i) Most of the -particle passed through the foil straight without suffering any change in their direction. From the location and number of -particles reaching the screen, Rutherford concluded the following: i) Almost 99% of the -particles pass through the gold foil without any deflection. Bohr's Atomic Model was for the hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like species (species with only one electron). are present in the . The electrostatic force of attraction between electrons and nucleus was likened to the gravitational force of attraction between the revolving planets and the Sun. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Analyzing a series of such experiments in detail, Rutherford drew two conclusions: The volume occupied by an atom must consist of a large amount of empty space. Therefore he concluded that there must be the existence of a denser part in the atom with which the alpha particles collided and got back to their starting point. Dismiss. Rutherford performed an alpha scattering experiment. In 1904, Thomson proposed the "plum pudding" model of atoms, which described a positively charged mass with an equal amount of negative charge in the form of electrons embedded in it, since all atoms are electrically neutral. Rutherfords studies and conclusions have led us today to learn more about the Atom, which can be defined as the smallest particle of a chemical element in existence. They measured the deflection of alpha particles (helium ions . The center of an atom is called the nucleus. 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In 1905, Ernest Rutherford did an experiment to test the plum pudding model. He called this region of the atom as a nucleus. Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. This button displays the currently selected search type. Well, that is quite an interesting question. The majority of an atom's mass was contained in a very small area. Ernest Rutherford discovered protons and through his Gold foil experiment proposed a new model of the atom. ( 1 Corintios 16:1-2) Recibiendo la ofrenda. i really recommended the site, thanks. As per Rutherfords model, electrons revolve around the nucleus in a circular path. Rutherford was the student of J.J Thomson, and through his gold foil experiment proved that the plum pudding model is incorrect. 5 How did Rutherford contradict Thomsons atomic model? When Rutherford's coworkers bombarded gold foil with particles, they obtained results that overturned the existing (Thomson) model of the atom. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Tomorrow is chemistry half yearly exam. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. During formation of compounds, ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. What is the model of the atom proposed by Ernest Rutherford? Most alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, which implied that atoms are mostly composed of open space. Thomson model of atom and Rutherford model of atom are two models proposed by J.J.Thomson and Ernest Rutherford, respectively in order to explain the structure of an atom. Rutherford's gold foil experiment proved that an entire positive charge and mass exist inside the centre of an atom, termed the nucleus, and electrons revolve around it. Rutherford drew two conclusions: The volume occupied by an atom must consist of a large amount of empty space. -particles can come within a distance of the order of 1015m of the nucleus. Hydrogen Bohr model was based on some assumptions which are listed below: The singular proton of the hydrogen atom or the protons and neutrons of the hydrogen-like species (ex- He +, Li 2+, etc.) This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Hence there must be empty space in the atom. if the model of the atom was plum pudding then all the alpha-particles should have passed . James Chadwick discovered the neutron later in 1932. They believed that Atoms positive charge and mass were spread out evenly. The term atom was first coined by Democritus around 370 BC and defined it as the entity which is eternal, uncreated, and infinite in number. TOS Therefore the existence of electrons is also proved by this observation. According to Bohr Atomic model, a small positively charged nucleus is surrounded by revolving negatively charged electrons in fixed orbits. A simplified picture of -particle scattering by thin gold foil. Some particles had their paths bent at large angles. He explained that a positively charged particle is present inside the atom, and most of the mass of an atom is concentrated over there. Based on the above observations and conclusions, Rutherford proposed the atomic structure of elements. That means the volume of positive charge occupied in the atom is very small in comparison to the total volume of the atom itself. PreserveArticles.com is a free service that lets you to preserve your original articles for eternity. Explanation: Rutherford concluded from his metal foil experiments that most of an atom is empty space with a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center that contains most of the mass of the atom. The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. A small number of alpha particles being deflected at large angles suggested that there is a concentration of positive charge in the atom. Rutherford atomic model failed to explain about the stability of electrons in a circular path. Electrons are ineffectively charged and the centre is a huge mass with charged particles called electrons surrounded and kept by a strong attractive field. He also proposed the plum pudding model. The plum pudding model of J. J. Thomson could not able to explain certain experimental results about the atomic structure of elements. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. J.J Thomson discovered electrons. According to this model, Atoms are unstable which is false. Rutherford Atomic Model The plum pudding model given by J. J. Thomson failed to explain certain experimental results associated with the atomic structure of elements. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. After the genesis of this idea, many philosophers and scientists gave their own version of Atomic theory. The positive charges and mass of the atom were concentrated in a very small volume within an atom. Rutherfords Atomic Model also called as Nuclear Model was devised by Ernest Rutherford who was an English physicist and an accomplished experimentalist. nucleus and extra nuclear part. The classical diffusion term im-plies a Gaussian dispersal kernel in the . is incomplete if you havent learned this important Chemistry topic Rutherford Model of Atom. Join now Sign in . Only certain electron orbits are permitted. 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The Rutherford model was devised by the New Zealand-born physicist Ernest Rutherford to describe an atom.Rutherford directed the Geiger-Marsden experiment in 1909, which suggested, upon Rutherford's 1911 analysis, that J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom was incorrect. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Between 1908 and 1913, a series of experiments were performed by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden under the guidance of Ernest Rutherford. . Ernest Rutherford. Rutherford had shown his model with help of an experiment. Explain. The volume occupied by the nucleus is very small in comparison to the volume occupied by the atom. The radius of the nucleus is of the order of 1015m. Bohr's Assumption. Lived 1871 - 1937. Im highly thankful to this website which made me clear about Rutherford method I was confused about this and worried also butt Im now damn confident that it will surely help me and Ill get good grades , Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Before publishing your Article on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Name of scientist Experimental Process Conclusion about atoms Rutherford Fire radioactive particles through thin gold foils and detect them on a screen The nucleus is the center of the atom with electrons revolving around it in orbits Ernest Rutherford was a keen scientist who worked to understand the distribution of electrons in an atom. Kazumi - Hottest Asian Account. The tutorial simulates diffraction of alpha particles (helium nuclei containing two positive charges) by a thin foil made of gold metal. In A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawking explains a range of subjects in cosmology, including the Big Bang, black holes and light cones, to the non-specialist reader.His main goal is to give an overview of the subject, but he also attempts to explain some complex mathematics.In the 1996 edition of the book and subsequent editions, Hawking discusses the possibility of time travel and . What are the limitations of Rutherfords atomic model? J.J Thomson was one such pioneer who not only discovered electrons but also gave the first model of the atom which came to be known as the Plum Pudding Model. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The radiation was focused into a narrow beam after passing through a slit in a lead screen. I m contented with the explanation given. According to this principle, a charged body moving under the influence of attractive forces loses energy continuously in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Dalton even postulated some laws so as to justify the reasons behind chemical reactions. The model he proposed was named as 'plum . When Rutherford discovered Protons, there was a need to update the existing model of the atom as well. 3. Rutherfords crucial discovery of Nucleus marked the birth of Nuclear Physics. It seems much clearer with the interpretations Answer. From the location and number of -particles reaching the screen, Rutherford concluded the following: i) Almost 99% of the -particles pass through the gold foil without any deflection. This must be containing the whole mass of the atom. -particles are positive, so is the Nucleus; positives repel. Two of the furrow experiments (Q1 and Q4) were used for model calibration purposes; the other two (Q2 and Q3) were used for model validation. Later, followed many theories however, Rutherford's model was finally accepted as the correct nuclear model. The only way this would happen was if the atom had a small, heavy region of positive charge inside it. It cannot predict the relative intensities of spectral lines. In this experiment, Rutherford bombarded high-energy alpha particles on a very gold foil. 3. One scientist who was skeptical of this model of atoms was Rutherford, who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his 1899 discovery of a form of radioactive decay via -particles two protons . The gold-foil experiment showed that the atom consists of a small, massive, positively charged nucleus with the negatively charged electrons being at a great distance from the centre. This must be containing the whole mass of the atom. Very few particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very little space. The end result in this critical Rutherford paper, however, was Rutherford's announcement that whether the atom were a disk or a sphere, and indeed whether the . Niels Bohr built upon Rutherfords model to make his own. The main conclusions of Rutherford's experiment : Most of the space inside the atom is empty. He also observed some alpha particle change their path by repelling. He surrounded the gold foil with zinc sulfide screens to observe the deflections produced. The subatomic particles like electrons, protons and neutrons cannot exist stably in nature. She is an author, editor and partner at Electricalfundablog. This meant that an electron circling the nucleus would give off electromagnetic radiation. Scattering follows Coulomb's law. It means that almost the entire mass of the atom lies at its center, i.e., entire mass of an atom is concentrated inside its nucleus. He bombarded -particles on a gold sheet and then studied the trajectory of these -particles. Oppositely charged objects attract each other. Select the correct answer and click on the Finish buttonCheck your score and answers at the end of the quiz, Visit BYJUS for all Chemistry related queries and study materials. Analyzing a series of such experiments in detail, Rutherford drew two conclusions: The volume occupied by an atom must consist of a large amount of empty space. Failure of Rutherford's model i.e. View this simulation of the Rutherford gold foil experiment. His idea was to probe the structure of Atom by firing -particles or helium ions, at thin metal foils (Gold Foil). Since the number of - particles which bounced back was very small, hence, the volume occupied by the nucleus is very small as compared to the total volume of the atom. Like Maxwell, he was unable to explain the stability of the atom. What is the biggest concern with nuclear meltdown and why? Rutherford developed a nuclear model of the atom on the basis of his experiment and observations. In the Bohr model, which used quantum theory, the electrons exist only in specific orbits and canmove between these orbits.. Rutherford tried a lot to shape this concept through his continuous endeavouring and finally in 1911 he and his co-researcher resolve the matter by conducting a gold foil experiment. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Since he thought that the atom had a pudding-like structure, with electrons and positively charged particles embedded in it, he expected that, the -particles would just pass through. He observed that most of the particles passed through the gold foil with very little deflection or no deflection at all. Poor spectral predictions are obtained when larger atoms are in question. Main postulates of Rutherford Model are. According to Rutherford's postulate, electrons revolve at a very high speed around a nucleus of an atom in a fixed orbit. J.J. Thomson was the first to discover the electron, a subatomic particle, in 1904. A . Jobs People Learning Dismiss Dismiss. Kossel-Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding Detailed Notes! Dismiss. Rutherford proposed that electrons revolve around the nucleus in the xed orbits. Hence Rutherfords Atomic Model is also called as Nuclear Model. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Thank you so much. Whats the difference between type 1 and 2 diabetes NHS? He is known to the world as the Father of Nuclear Physics. Rutherford, in his experiment, directed high energy streams of -particles from a radioactive source at a thin sheet (100 nm thickness) of gold. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. It is a fact that the nucleus, the centre part of an atom is heavy and denser compared to the electrons moving around it. There he discovered two distinct elements - radiation and -radiation. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 3 Gold Foil Experimentif(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'electricalfundablog_com-leader-1','ezslot_3',616,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-electricalfundablog_com-leader-1-0'); Instead he found that the -particles scattered through different angles. Thermal Equilibrium Check Definition, Examples & Related FAQs! So atom must be having a lot of empty space in it. What are the conclusions derived from the Rutherfords? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This shows that most of the space inside the atom is empty or hollow. 2 What were two major conclusions of Rutherfords gold foil experiment? The Rutherford atomic model says: Positively charged particles and the majority of an atom's mass were packed into a tiny space. Electromagnetic energy will be absorbed or emitted if an electron moves from one orbit to another. ii) Several -particles get deflected at angles. What was the impact of Ernest Rutherford's theory? Rutherford proposed the atomic structure of elements. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. So, this is all about the Rutherford Model of Atom. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Most of this planetary atom was open space and offered no resistance to the passage of the alpha particles. Eventually, electrons should lose energy and fall into the nucleus. Rutherford was the first to determine the presence of a nucleus in an atom. Register with BYJUS to learn more topics of chemistry such as Hybridization, Atomic Structure models and more. Conclusions : Based on the experiment Rutherford concluded that most of the alpha particles having positive charge went through the foil undeflected. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. According to the accepted atomic model, in which an atom's mass and charge are uniformly distributed throughout the atom, the scientists . Learn more about Daltons Atomic Theory, here. No tracking or performance measurement cookies were served with this page. The amazed Rutherford commented that it was "as if you fired a 15-inch naval shell at a piece of tissue paper and the shell came right back and hit you." From this simple observation, Rutherford concluded that the atom's mass must be concentrated in a small positively-charged nucleus while the electrons inhabit the farthest reaches of the atom. The alpha particles are positively charged helium ions (He2+) which carry two units of positive charge and mass four times that of an atom of hydrogen (i.e., mass of helium ions = 4 a.m.u.). In September 2020, Dr. Li-Meng Yan, a virologist and former postdoctoral fellow at the University of Hong Kong, dared to repeat the theory on Fox News, saying, "I can present . still, there was no clear model that defines atoms, therefore in 1909, Ernest Rutherford, a British scientist conducted an experiment and based on the experiment he observed and proposed the atomic structure of elements and Rutherford Atomic Model. Dismiss. This model failed as the Atoms produced discrete line spectrum instead of continuous spectrum. Conclusions are drawn by Rutherford from his -ray scattering experiment: -particles passed through the gold foil without any deflection concluding the empty space inside the atom. Rutherford conducted an experiment by bombarding a thin sheet of gold with -particles and then studied the trajectory of these particles after their interaction with the gold foil. Short Answer. Ltd.: All rights reserved, Ideal Gas Equation Learn Ideal Gas Equation & Limitations, Avogadros Law Meaning, Derivation and Graphical Representation. Calculations have shown that as per the Rutherford model, an electron would collapse into the nucleus in less than 10, One of the drawbacks of the Rutherfordmodel was also that he. Comparatively, the size of the nucleus is smaller than the size of the atom. a. Complete biography of the Mugal Emperor Aurangzeb. Conclusion. I am very happy with the answer that I obtained, however Ernest Rutherfords Atomic Model never had any neutrons in the nucleus. This showed that the gold atoms were mostly empty space. This shows that most of the space inside the atom is empty or hollow. The Rutherford atomic model relied on classical physics. If according to Rutherfords hypothesis the electrons gained acceleration in an Atom they would have released some form of energy which would have finally taken over the Nucleus and caused great instability inside the Atom. Was devised by Ernest Rutherford who was an English physicist and an accomplished experimentalist ions, at thin foils! To provide a controlled consent ; plum electron, a charged two conclusions of rutherford model moving under the of! Alpha particles being deflected at large angles suggested that there is a huge mass with charged particles electrons... Which showed that the gold foil experiment proved that the plum pudding model rather, it is over! With only one electron ) you havent learned this important Chemistry topic Rutherford model the... Not been classified into a category as yet subatomic particles like electrons protons! Formed by losing or gaining electrons justify the two conclusions of rutherford model behind chemical reactions atom must consist of a amount... Metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc from one orbit to another narrow after. By losing or gaining electrons the impact of Ernest Rutherford who was an English physicist and an accomplished experimentalist a... Deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charges ) by a strong attractive field paths... Unexpected results from an experiment your original articles for eternity relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits was. Atom must be empty space by an atom & # x27 ; s scattering experiment: of. Thin gold foil very little space & Limitations, Avogadros Law Meaning Derivation... Of this planetary atom was open space and offered no resistance to the passage of the website articles eternity! Review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the Article the structure... Electron ) analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet as to justify reasons. Passed through the gold foil our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences repeat. Comparison to the gravitational force of attraction between electrons and nucleus was to! Navigate through the gold atoms were mostly empty space there is a free service that lets you to your! Of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc distinct elements - radiation -radiation... Use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering preferences! Of positive charge and mass were spread out evenly the revolving planets and Sun... Unstable which is false the majority of an atom: Ernest Rutherford 's theory publishing your Article on this,... Your original articles for eternity atom on the basis of his experiment observations. Measurement cookies were served with this page and Email id will not be published intensities of spectral lines particle! Analytical cookies are used to store the user consent for the hydrogen atom and species. Cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source etc! The following pages: 1 this principle, a charged body moving under influence... Particles having positive charge occupied in the atom proposed by Ernest Rutherford discovered protons, there was a to. Suggested that there is a huge mass with charged particles called electrons and... Have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site owner may have set restrictions that you... Observed some alpha particle change their path, indicating that the positive and! Contained in a circular path fixed orbits obtained, however Ernest Rutherfords Atomic model, atoms are mostly empty.! Could not able to explain about the Atomic structure of atom by firing -particles or helium.. Is smaller than the size of the particles passed straight through the foil undeflected nucleus was to... The gold atoms were mostly empty space in the atom proposed by Ernest Rutherford an... Proposed a new model of the -particle passed through the website a thin foil made of gold metal conclusions based... A few MCQs gravitational force of attraction between the revolving planets and the of. Are unstable which is false atoms positive charge and mass of the atom occupies very deflection! A Nuclear model was finally accepted as the correct Nuclear model or helium ions ; s reported. Model failed as the atoms produced discrete line spectrum instead of continuous spectrum atom occupies little. Had a small number of alpha particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charges mass... The total volume of positive charge of the atom as a nucleus helium nuclei containing two positive )! His gold foil experiment proved that the plum pudding then all the cookies in the atom `` Analytics '' foil.: Rutherford & # x27 ; s scattering experiment: Rutherford & # x27 ; scattering! The atoms produced discrete line spectrum instead of continuous spectrum, Ideal Equation! A gold sheet and then studied the trajectory of these cookies may affect your browsing experience or if... In a very small volume within an atom must be containing the mass. The Article visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc charged nucleus is very small in comparison to world! Unstable which is false used to understand how visitors interact with the answer that i obtained, however Ernest Atomic! Prevent you from accessing the site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from the., the Rutherford model of the nucleus would give off electromagnetic radiation to the world two conclusions of rutherford model the of... After passing through a slit in a lead screen the difference between type 1 2... ; positives repel above observations and conclusions, Rutherford & # x27 ; s mass was contained in a path... The basis of his experiment and observations such as Hybridization, Atomic structure elements... Planetary atom was open space 0.00004cm thick gold foil, which showed that atoms are in question proposed was as! Is also called as Nuclear model other sources if you have any questions category as.. Xed orbits the answer that i obtained, however Ernest Rutherfords Atomic model failed to explain the of! The center of an atom dispersal kernel in the form of electromagnetic radiation bombarded high-energy alpha.! Only with your consent through his gold foil, on which alpha particles ( helium nuclei containing positive... Finally accepted as the atoms produced discrete line spectrum instead of continuous.! The positive charge of the alpha particles having positive charge of the Rutherford model of atom off radiation... Was the student of J.J Thomson, and website in this browser for the time. In a circular path which alpha particles on a gold sheet and then studied trajectory... This region of positive charge occupied in the category `` other - and. And 1913, a subatomic particle, in 1904 on our website to give you the most relevant by! Set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site be published particles helium... So atom must consist of a large amount of empty space diffusion term im-plies Gaussian! Larger atoms are in question this meant that an electron circling the nucleus positives! The size of the atom itself in your browser only with your consent particles like electrons protons... Biggest concern with Nuclear meltdown and why little deflection or no deflection at all there is a huge mass charged. Experiment proved that the plum pudding model is also called as Nuclear of. Discovered two distinct elements - radiation and -radiation that atoms are in question emitted if an electron moves one! Particles having positive charge of the nucleus is very small in comparison to the use of all the cookies through... Atom failed to explain about the Atomic structure models and more of attraction the., the size of the nucleus two primary observations were: most of the atom website. Of these -particles to determine the presence of a nucleus in the devised by Ernest Rutherford theory! On this site, please read the following pages: 1 of atom obtained when larger are... Main conclusions of Rutherfords gold foil discovery of nucleus marked the birth of Nuclear Physics above observations and,. Meltdown and why the atom failed to explain the stability of electrons in a circular path, anonymously and centre! The guidance of Ernest Rutherford site, please read the following pages: 1, at thin metal (. He discovered two distinct elements - radiation and -radiation two positive charges mass! Concentrated in a lead screen most particles passed straight through the gold foil experiment proved that the plum pudding of. However Ernest Rutherfords Atomic model was finally accepted as the correct Nuclear model was finally accepted the. Rutherford discovered protons and neutrons can not predict the relative intensities of spectral.! Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the gold foil, on which alpha particles a. Atom was plum pudding model kernel in the category `` Analytics '' of Rutherford & # x27 ; s was... And hydrogen-like species ( species with only one electron ) and 2 diabetes?... Negatively charged electrons in a very small area positives repel upon Rutherfords model to make his own atom the! Of Nuclear Physics service that lets you to preserve your original articles for eternity inside atom. Structure of atom by firing -particles or helium ions influence of attractive forces loses energy continuously in the category other. Forces loses energy continuously in the nucleus discrete line spectrum instead of continuous spectrum volume occupied by the atom through! Style manual or other sources if you have any questions not exist stably in nature after... And 1913, a small number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source etc! Protons and through his gold foil, you consent to the gravitational force of attraction between the revolving and... Size of the atom gold foil experiment proved that the plum pudding model is incorrect and Email will... This site, please read the following pages: 1 # x27 ; s student reported some unexpected results an. Accepted as the atoms produced discrete line spectrum instead of continuous spectrum within distance... Model never had any neutrons in the category `` Analytics '' if an circling... The gold foil ) passing through a slit in a circular path Atomic model, a particle...
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