We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. And he was a father who insisted his three daughters have the same education as his son. The alleged plot between the earl and Warbeck was flimsy and perhaps government-sponsored, but both men were tried and executed. Margaret if it is she wears coral and ermine. He had been shut up for most of his life and, one later chronicler said, could not discern a goose from a capon. It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. It was, Henry told him, proof that his marriage to Katharine was incestuous due to her previous marriage to his brother. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. When Margaret was only four years old, her father was killed in the Tower of London where he was imprisoned for rebelling again against his brother, Edward IV; rumor was that he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. Elizabeth Darrell, later Thomas Wyatts mistress, refused the oath; Lady Hussey, wife of one of Marys household, was imprisoned because she would not accept Marys exclusion from the succession and insisted on addressing her as a princess. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. On the 27th May 1541, the elderly Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, godmother and former governess to Henry VIII's daughter Mary, was executed at the Tower of London. If he had trusted her once, he no longer did so. But for the rest of his reign Henry VII would be plagued by pretenders, persistently rising from the dead. As part of his 'Random Histo. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. Reginalds brother Geoffrey was in correspondence with Reginald, and Henry had Geoffrey Pole, Margarets heir, arrested in 1538 along with their brother Henry Pole and others. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. Her son Reginald described himself afterwards as son of a martyr and in 1886, Pope Leo XIII had Margaret Pole beatified as a martyr. But in late June she was back at court by the side of Queen Jane, and the king was looking forward to an era of peace and fertility. Her mother, Isabel, daughter of the above-mentioned "King-maker," died 22nd December, 1476, and her father in the Tower nearly two years later. His son-in-law William Roper, whose biography of More is one of the first biographies ever written, tells us that More chose his wife out of pity: [A]lbeit his mind most served him to the second daughter, for that he thought her the fairest and best favored, yet when he considered that it would be great grief and some shame also to the eldest to see her younger sister preferred before her in marriage, he then, of a certain pity, framed his fancy towards Jane. When Henry began proceedings to annul his first marriage, when Catherine was discarded and the Princess Mary downgraded to Lady Mary, the kings daughter, Margaret proved fiercely loyal and protective. More's trial took place on 1 July. As Countess of Salisbury, Margaret managed her lands well and by 1538 she was the fifth richest peer in England. A tradition has grown up that George was drowned in a vat a malmsey, an expensive sweet wine. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. Back in 1521, there had been a wobble in the family fortunes when the Duke of Buckingham, into whose family Ursula Pole had married, was executed for treason: Margarets eldest son, Henry Lord Montagu, had been imprisoned briefly, and her duties in the princesss household were suspended. [26] She and her husband were parents to five children: Her son, Reginald Pole, said that he would "never fear to call himself the son of a martyr". His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. Six months later, Cromwell produced a tunic marked with the wounds of Christ, claiming it had been found in that search, and used that to arrest Margaret, though most doubt that. Birth date: February 7, 1478. As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. Seven years after the strange liquid death of Margarets father, her uncle Richard III was defeated at Bosworth by Henry Tudor. The next year, the late king's marriage was declared invalid by the statute Titulus Regius of 1484, making his children illegitimate. She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. Margaret is a devout Catholic and a member of the House of York, which fought Henry's father during the War of the Roses; she is first cousin of Henry's mother Queen Elizabeth of York through her father George Plantagenet, Elizabeth's uncle and the brother of Edward IV. Susan Higginbothams carefully written book comes with a misleading cover puff: At last, a biography of one of the most fascinating women of the Tudor period, who has too long been overlooked. Managed all schedules for company and . It was unlawful before man and God and thus void. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16 th century to hold a peerage in her own right. Margarets uncle Richard of Gloucester became king in 1483 as Richard III, and reinforced young Margaret and Edwards exclusion from the line of succession. Henry was negotiating a glorious marriage for Prince Arthur, to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. London Review of Books Margarets daughter Ursula would have 13 children, and three of her four sons would marry heiresses and have large families. Our Lady of Lourdes in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. He was no fool; he noted Wolseys great and increasingly ostentatious wealth. Margaret's relationship with Henry VIII, must have been good. As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. Abstract. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. She answered that no crime had been imputed to her. EXECUTED: 27 MAY 1541. But if the great Sir Thomas More believed the king to be wrong? Was she, at this point or that, doing nothing of interest at all or was she doing everything, in a way that was almost supernaturally discreet? Margaret's mother was the eldest daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. In the spring of 1536 the Boleyn family were destroyed, and the Pole family and other English grandees grouped themselves about the incoming queen, Jane Seymour. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. Ironically, it was his own honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry. Art and science The German artist Hans Holbein the Younger paints King Henry VIII. And why such an obvious and clumsy admission? Both Henry and Reginald Pole were attainted in 1539; Geoffrey was pardoned. The work was a marvel of learning and wit and wholly original; it was soon translated throughout the Continent and its author hailed as one of the foremost Humanist thinkers. In 1554, Mary reversed the attainder against Reginald Pole, and he was ordained as a priest in 1556 and finally consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1556. For highlights from the latest issue, our archive and the blog, as well as news, events and exclusive promotions. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. Thomas More worked hard for the king. Following Richard's death in 1504, Margaret no longer had the fortune to support. Mores brilliance of mind and curious, kindly character gained him many friends and admirers. Yet if you were to ask Mores contemporaries to describe him, their words would be as conflicted and contradictory as the man himself. When Reginald was seven, and Margaret a widow with an uncertain future, she sent him to be educated at Sheen with the monks of the Charterhouse. Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 The sitter might as well be carved, for all she suggests flesh or circulating blood. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". Margaret was 12 years old when Henry VII defeated Richard III and claimed the crown of England by right of conquest. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. As part of the investigations into the so-called Exeter Conspiracy, Geoffrey Pole was arrested in August 1538. But Margaret Pole, one of the great magnates of Tudor England, is not overlooked. Henry needed a son and heir. Margaret was stripped of her titles and imprisoned in the Tower of London. More was not a man to be broken by prison, but he suffered physically. Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. A Professional theme for architects, construction and interior designers The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. BORN: 1473. [5] When Perkin Warbeck impersonated Edward IV's presumed-dead son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, Margaret's brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. The new pretender, Ralph Wilford, was arrested and killed before the conspiracy bred any action. Its influence upon William Shakespeares Richard III is immense. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. Nevertheless, she was taken from her cell to the place within the precincts of the Tower of London where a low wooden block had been prepared instead of the customary scaffold.[5]. A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. To my principles!". Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. Arthur had been a courtier, an able jouster and a great favourite with Henry, serving in his privy chamber. Name: Thomas More. It is only in adversity that Margaret shows herself, in the records of her interrogations, when she was a woman in her sixties, experienced, shrewd, hard to frighten. Her many fortified houses and castles, the number of tenants she could turn out, the belligerent propaganda from abroad all these brought the whole family into deep suspicion. He was keenly interested in theology, but he was not ordained; he was free to marry if he wished, and propagate a Plantagenet family. The former Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More is beheaded for High Treason after refusing to recognise King Henry VIII's religious supremacy. The Tower's professional executioner was away, so a young novice was given the job. She built herself a castle at Warblington, close to the sea on the Hampshire-Sussex border. Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. He had once served under Wolsey and knew More well. Gender: Male. Jan 2016 - Mar 20226 years 3 months. The queen had suffered a series of miscarriages throughout their marriage; their only surviving child was the Princess Mary. Erasmus mourned his friend and wrote that Mores soul was more pure than snow and his genius was such that England never had and never again will have its like. More was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1886, and canonized by Pius XI in 1935. This was not due to any dislike of the king. A devoted Catholic, More refuses to sign Parliament's Act of Supremacy, which declares King Henry, and not the Pope, the Supreme Head of the new Church of England. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16th century to hold a peerage in her own right. The eldest daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, Margaret was the sister of Henry VIII. He read anything and everything he could find on the subject. She was more likely arrested simply because of her maternal connection to Henry and Reginald, her sons, and perhaps the symbolism of her family heritage, the last of the Plantagenets. And "Look," we say, "look, I'm anchored! She served later as a governess to Mary. 3. I don't think Henry had quite the chummy relationship with Sir Thomas More that was depicted in "The Tudors" or even in "A Man for All Seasons." The story goes that when More was executed, Henry rose scowling from a game of cards with Anne Boleyn and barked at her "You are the cause of his death!" Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. But his older brother perished and the younger brother was crowned at 18 years old, and quickly wed his brothers widow. The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. Biography of Anne Neville, Wife and Queen of Richard III of England, Biography of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England, Biography of Margaret of Anjou, Henry VI's Queen, Famous Mothers in History: Ancient Through Modern, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School, Father: George, Duke of Clarence, brother of king Edward IV and of Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III), Note: Cecily Neville, Margarets paternal grandmother, was a paternal aunt of Margarets maternal grandfather, Richard Neville. EDWARD STAFFORD, THIRD DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, was born at Brecknock Castle on 3 Feb. 1477-8. Her heads. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. But he himself did not sign the letter in which most of Englands nobles and prelates petitioned the pope to declare the marriage unlawful. Later, he would castigate her in the accents of a hurt child for what seemed to him abandonment, telling her that as she had given him up when he was so young, she should not interfere between him and his conscience. The Imperial Ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, suggested two years later that Mary be handed over to Margaret, but Henry refused, calling her "a fool, of no experience". Their destruction came with a wave of arrests in the autumn of 1538. He was knighted in 1521, became speaker of the House of Commons in 1523, and earned the title of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Chapuys wrote two weeks after the execution that one hundred and fifty witnesses were present for the execution, including the Lord Mayor of London. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. Read More. The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. Either her sons had not made her aware of their dealings, Fitzwilliam concluded, or she was an adept in brazen deceit. During the reign of Edward IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought up at Sheen . She was now one of the richest people in England. There are panel paintings of Pole in the following churches: There are stained glass windows of Pole in the following churches: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Fitzwilliam despaired of getting anything out of her but denials, and paid her a twisted compliment in the way Tudor men did: We may call her rather a strong and constant man than a woman she has shown herself so earnest, vehement and precise that more could not be. When he told her that her goods had been seized, she must have known it was the beginning of the end, and seemeth thereat to be somew[hat] appalled, but neither then nor at any later point did she profess anything but loyalty to Henry and regret at her familys folly. Margarets aunt, Anne Neville, thus became queen. Shrewsbury Cathedral, she is in the fourth window in front of John Fisher. Answer (1 of 6): Anne Boleyn's death would have been instant and painless - to the extent that we can guess, anyway. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. The next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed from that appointment, but later restored to it by 1525. She served later as a governess to Mary. [11], In 1531, Reginald Pole warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage. After several months, he was visited by Cromwell, but More refused to engage him in debate and merely declared himself a faithful subject of the king. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. Later in life, he bitterly resented her abandonment of him. This was on 16 May 1532, the date on which the archdiocese of Canterbury, as head of the English clergy, sent a document to Henry VIII in which is promised to never legislate or even convene without royal assent, thus making the king a lay person head of the spiritual order in England. Henry still hoped for Mores support. Henry accepted Mores resignation. Lewis, Jone Johnson. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Bridge Gate, Derby, Our Lady and the English Martyrs' church in Cambridge. And his patron Morton was infamous as the architect of that kings very successful and subsequently very unpopular tax policy. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. But by then Lord Montagu was dead, executed along with the Marquis of Exeter and other opponents of the regime. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. He was a brilliant scholar of the Renaissance who died rather than betray the Catholic church. The main character is Joanna Stafford, a Dominican novice. He had an illegitimate son, called Henry Fitzroy, by one of his early mistresses. Mores eldest daughter Margaret would become the first non-royal Englishwoman to publish a work in translation. During her time in prison, Cromwell himself was executed. For at least five years, Montagu, Exeter and others had been passing information to the emperor through his ambassador, urging the invasion of England, and Reginald himself had assured the readers of his 1536 letter that a host of disaffected subjects were lurking within the realm, ready to support the invaders against Henry as soon as foreign troops landed. Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886. Investigating An Anemometer. Besides Ursula, four of Margarets children lived to adulthood. It was Mores impassioned speeches against this large and unjust burden that made the king reduce it by more than two thirds. London, WC1A 2HNletters@lrb.co.uk Richard III sent the children to Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. 28 Little Russell Street Please include name, address, and a telephone number. Soon he was acting as Henrys personal secretary and adviser, delivering official speeches, greeting foreign envoys, drafting treaties and other public documents, and composing the kings responses to Wolseys dispatches. He is an English lawyer, eventually promoted to Chancellor and assistant to the King after Wolsey 's death. Contemporary chroniclers often referred to him as a friend of the poor. In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Margaret was one of just two women in 16th-century England to be a peeress in her own right (suo jure) without a husband in the House of Lords. In theory, after she married, a womans personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal. Mortons tax philosophy was a marvel of inescapable logic: If the subject is seen to live frugally, tell him because he is clearly a money saver of great ability, he can afford to give generously to the King. [10], When Mary was declared a bastard in 1533, Margaret refused to give Mary's gold plate and jewels back to Henry. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. Even special physicians summoned from Spain could not help the queen to conceive again. by Susan Higginbotham. Both Sir Thomas More and Margaret Pole were devout Catholics, dedicated to their faith and their country. [27] She is commemorated in the dedication of the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole in Southbourne, Bournemouth.[28]. More would stand trial for his life. But it is difficult to detect in her conduct the heroic virtues assumed by Rome, and easier to see self-protective caution at work. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. It was children who caused him a problem. The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. [1] He was the son of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Katherine Wingfield . Afterwards, More's head was displayed on a pike at London Bridge for a month. Higginbotham follows Pierce in refusing to vilify Henry for his treatment of the Poles. She spent much of her time at Warblington, where she was nicely placed, in the event of an invasion, to help the rebels against Henry; or so you thought, if you were one of Henrys councillors. Joan, wife of John Langton. Unfortunately, Cardinal Wolsey was unable to secure an annulment for the king. London, WC1A 2HN Derby, our archive and the blog, as we know so many of ladies-in-waiting. She is in the Tower of London 1541 when a decision was made to her. And her brother were brought up at Sheen by then Lord Montagu was dead, executed along with the of. 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