This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Thar-Desert, World Wildlife Fund - Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan, Academia - A study on the geology of Thar Desert. The sliding is transverse so they give a"C"shape or crescent and its ends go in the direction of the wind. Pothohar Plateau is bounded on the east by the Jhelum River, on the west by the Indus River, on the north by the Kala Chitta Range and the Margalla Hills, and on the south by the Salt Range. The animals do not store water in their humps, as people once believed. Pakistans soils are classified as pedocals, which comprise a dry soil group with high concentrations of calcium carbonate and a low content of organic matter; they are characteristic of a land with low and erratic precipitation. The above map of Pakistan was created using a digital elevation model. The Thal Desert has an approximate area of 20000 km square. These cliff dwellings, sometimes dozens of meters off the ground, were constructed with thick, earthen walls that provided insulation. Mohenjo-daro is now a part of the vast Thar and Cholistan deserts.Most of Earths deserts will continue to undergo periods of climate change.Desert CharacteristicsHumiditywater vapor in the airis near zero in most deserts. A flash flood like this can sweep away anything and anyone in its path. Water resources are getting depleted leading to the water crisis in Pakistan. It is the largest desert of Pakistan and the only subtropical desert of Asia. 'Indira Gandhi Canal' is the longest canal in Country (650 kms) watering part of the Thar desert. Usually they are not very tall but they can be really long. The contrast between these ranges is geologically interesting. Overgrazing and deforestation remove plants that anchor the soil. The world's largest desert is located in Antarctica. The 20-inch (500-mm) precipitation line, which runs northwest from near Lahore, marks off the Potwar Plateau and a part of the Indus plain in the northeast; these areas receive enough rainfall for dry farming (farming without irrigation). Apart from wells and tanks, canals are the main sources of water in the desert. It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. Small pores in the leaves, called stomata, take in carbon dioxide. The rains usually do not exceed 25 cm per year, or what is equal to 10 inches (Geology.com, 2017). :z]1I, # mbQg[r)0d&ij?0)9eD VV%g`ehv-OvOq3Q[qK"Dj+~ These soils vary in texture, chemical composition, colour, and organic content from place to place. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. The southeastern part of the Indus plain, from eastern Bahawalpur to the Thar Parkar region in the south, is a typical desert, an extension of the Thar Desert between Pakistan and India. Along the coastal strip, the climate is modified by sea breezes. The Thar Desert is located on the leeward side of Aravalis. This has happened among the states in the Colorado River Basin, which have negotiated for many years over the division of the rivers water. This heavy fog drifts onto land. In Arabia, Australia and North Africa reach altitudes of 100 meters and lengths greater than 100 kilometers (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). The interior dunes of the desert are scarce in nutrients and water. These mountain ranges extend from west to east, from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. TheCold Desertis a high-altitude desert located nearSkardu, inPakistans northernGilgit-Baltistanregion. In the rest of the country, temperatures reach great extremes in the summer; the mean temperature during June is 100 F (38 C) in the plains, where the highest temperatures can exceed 117 F (47 C). The amount of evaporation in a desert often greatly exceeds the annual rainfall. High elevations modify the climate in the cold, snow-covered northern mountains; temperatures on the Balochistan plateau are somewhat higher. These include moderately calcareous and eolian (wind-borne) soils. The grasses form the main natural resources of the desert. x\[.PdQM21y[)ly'\JmAb,[o/t -;$}}J.=z]~du]k>Ml^<}nRuxzyUVZ3Y+Vwuc%*!*)[uKK3]j.B\W[NJ<=JuOG`um\IY*Q7iuYp)?f?-]xC%hK 2Q,-$$WG}Hjy`FnfkP"Z]'xbY_K!1\4mqRM#$R-X;*mKn gqnj2\-$/~FJU4.VJjlRlw3Tqm1WU-_[^q],hy~XuvoXn5gIvgmZ\Nu=Y`,fl?n&|ZvqY+m6/){U_|si@[8ox`aXvQ-c{}SR\C6%j [k:zc6Cp##~ZRFZ%&J%F9'1=e(N: ftkh9Y/{$:;We#)VCfewhY5!Xzy2>2\ The relief in the area is remarkable due to its sharp contrasts and the multitude and variability of the morphological elements. During January, the coldest month, the mean minimum temperature ranges between 41 and 50 F (5 and 10 C), and frost is frequent. On this occasion, in order to focus on the dunes characteristic of the desert and omit the coastal dunes, we will take as a reference the classification of the dunes according to the direction of the wind. However, the very mode of soil formation gives rise to their diversification even within small areas. Millions of people had to leave their farms and seek a living in other parts of the country.Desertification is an increasing problem. In fact, it gets covered with lush green vegetation during February and March as the local farmers use the desert land for the cultivation of green chickpeas. They are used to grow different kinds of crops. Hot and Cold DesertsThe largest hot desert in the world is the Sahara, which is 9 million square kilometers (3.5 million square miles). They include both shifting sandy soils and clayey floodplain soils. Madagascar, for instance, is a tropical island in the Indian Ocean. . The Thar Desert is one of the biggest deserts in Pakistan. However, fennec foxes have adapted so they do not have to drink water at all: Their kidneys retain enough water from the food they eat.Most xerocoles are nocturnal. In the submontane areas under subhumid conditions these soils are noncalcareous and have slightly higher organic content. This lovely fact file will introduce the size and scale of deserts across the world and help children understand the importance of these often mysterious habitats. When rain finally comes, the seeds sprout rapidly. The Himalayan region - The peninsular plateau: 2. That distinction belongs to Death Valley, in California's Mojave Desert. Thar Desert, also called Great Indian Desert, arid region of rolling sand hills on the Indian subcontinent. Long-sleeved, full-length, and often white, these robes shield all but the head and hands from the wind, sand, heat, and cold. By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. The descending air warms up, making it difficult for clouds to form.Death Valley, in the U.S. states of California and Nevada, is a rain shadow desert. 10th Class Social 1st Lesson India: Relief Features 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers. The Cholistan desert spans an area of 16,000 square kilometers. Pakistan is one of the few countries in the world that has all regions. The fennec fox, for example, is native to the Sahara Desert. The plain is the western part of the Northern Plain in Pakistan formed by the Indus River and its tributaries. The amount of annual rainfall in the desert is generally low, ranging from about 4 inches (100 mm) or less in the west to about 20 inches (500 mm) in the east. Desertification usually happens in semi-arid areas that border deserts.Human activities are a primary cause of desertification. It showcases the rich heritage of Rajasthan and its culture. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded a drop of rain.Rain Shadow DesertsRain shadow deserts exist near the leeward slopes of some mountain ranges. The dunes can be coastal or desert interiors. In the Indian part of the desert, a second line goes from Merta Road to Suratgarh via Bikaner, and another connects Jodhpur and Jaisalmer. Dunes migrate constantly with the wind. TheThal Desertis located inBhakkar Districtof Pakistan between theIndusandJhelumrivers. It is located partly in Rajasthan state, northwestern India, and partly in Punjab and Sindh (Sind) provinces, eastern Pakistan. Relief and natural regions. (1) Africa - the Namib and Kalahari deserts of coastal Angola and southwest Africa, interior Botswana and South Africa, and Sahara desert; (2) Asia - Thar deserts of India and Pakistan, Arabian deserts, Iranian desert; (3) South America - Acatama desert of coastal Peru and Chile; (4) Mojave and Arizona deserts of south-western USA; 'y~q4[{z#u!! Deserts that seem desolate during the day are very active in the cool nighttime air. Antarctica boasts the lowest official temperature recorded on Earth: -89.2 C (-128.6 F), recorded on July 21, 1983. In fact, the Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth. Some geographers designate Plateau as to the west of the imaginary southwest line; and the Indus Plain lies to the east of that line. They usually shift a few meters a year, but a particularly violent sandstorm can move a dune 20 meters (65 feet) in a single day.Sandstorms may bury everything in their pathrocks, fields, and even towns. The name Indus comes from the Sanskrit word "sindhu", meaning "ocean", from which also come the words Sindh, Hindu, and India. Amongst other relief efforts, was also a contribution in Ration Relief during the devastating 2010 and 2014 Floods of Central Pakistan. Some geographers designate additional major regions. The ground heats the air so much that air rises in waves you can actually see. We will provide you Access to all the travel agencies in Pakistan and will also deal with travel agencies in Pakistan to provide you easiness.Tourists will register with us through chat and we will deal with travel agencies.The purpose of this is to provide cost effective trip to Pakistan. The catchment area of the Indus is estimated at almost 1 million square kilometers, and all of Pakistan's major rivers (the Kabul River, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej) flow into it. In M. Julivert. Among those the Tharparkar breed is the highest yielder of milk, and the Kankre breed is good both as a beast of burden and as a milk producer. And most deserts, far from being empty and lifeless, are home to a variety of plants, animals, and other organisms. Shallow residual soils have developed along the slopes and in the broken hill country. 1. The coastal plains 5. It is elongated and almost straight with abundant sand. Syllabus: Geography - Physical Geography of the world.. The geography of Pakistan is a blend of landscapes. Tien Shan also has more than 10,100 square kilometers (3,900 square miles) of glaciers. The Thar Desert is a vast dry area covering over 200,000 square kilometers. Flat areas are smooth on the map, areas with steep slopes and mountains appear more rough. Camels are commonly used for transport as well as for plowing the land and other agricultural purposes. Deserts are areas that receive very little precipitation. Ans: Safed koh range: is located in the south of river Kabul in east-west direction. At night, these areas cool quickly because they lack the insulation provided by humidity and clouds. . Geologists call it 'The Great Indian Desert' because it is the biggest desert in the subcontinent. The amount of evaporation in a desert often greatly exceeds the annual rainfall. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. The Indus River basin is a large, fertile alluvial plain formed by silt from the Indus. What is the influence of the Himalayas on Indian Agriculture? Shaded relief map shows landscape features, such as mountains, valleys and plateaus. In the north the mean annual precipitation at Peshawar is 13 inches (330 mm), and at Rawalpindi it reaches 37 inches (950 mm). Some desert vultures urinate on their own legs, cooling them by evaporation.Many desert animals have developed ingenious ways of getting the water they need. A turban is similar to a kaffiyeh, but wrapped around the head instead of being secured with an agal. A cloudburst may bring as much as 25 centimeters (10 inches) of rain in a single hourthe only rain the desert gets all year.Desert humidity is usually so low that not enough water vapor exists to form clouds. It is the seventeenth largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. The city of Phoenix was built on top of the ruins of canals built by the Hohokam people between 500 and 1450 CE. The hard, flat surface of desert salt flats are often ideal for car racing. Death Valley, the lowest and driest place in North America, is in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains. The geography of India is constituted by these relief features. Twinkl 2014 National Curriculum Resources Geography KS2 Geography Curriculum Human and Physical Geography Describe . [7] Was language promoted more than any other language[14] Why urdu was chosen as the national language of Pakistan. The Nile River ecosystem dominates the eastern part of the Sahara Desert, for instance. For instance, it offers some of the most amazing views of sand dunes, the beauty of which is amplified by a flawless canopy of blue sky in the background. Wind Cyclones are also a common occurrence in the desert. Among the migratory birds, sand grouse, ducks, and geese are common. These polar deserts contain great quantities of water, but most of it is locked in glaciers and ice sheets year-round. One legend holds that the Persian Emperor Cambyses II sent an army of 50,000 men to the Siwa Oasis in western Egypt around 530 BCE. Zoom in to see major highways, railroads and airports. Aridity is the most pervasive aspect of Pakistans climate, and its continental nature can be seen in the extremes of temperature. The resulting fences break the force of the wind at ground level, stopping dune movement by confining the sand within the squares of the grid.New technologies are also being developed to combat desertification. They produce food in their green stems.Some desert plants, such as cactuses, have shallow, wide-spreading root systems. People often use the adjectives hot, dry, and empty to describe deserts, but these words do not tell the whole story. People have adapted to life in the desert for thousands of years.One thing all deserts have in common is that they are arid, or dry. The Mojave Desert, in southern California and Nevada, for instance, is sinking due to aquifer depletion. Pakistan is primarily divided into six topographical areas. The Islands. These dams, along with a series of headworks and barrages built by the British and expanded since the independence of Pakistan in 1947, are of vital importance to the national economy and played an important role in calming the raging floodwaters of 1992, which devastated large areas in the northern highlands and the Punjab plains. Sunsets on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. state of Florida, for example, can be tinted yellow.First-time visitors to deserts are often amazed by the unusual landscapes, which may include dunes, towering bare peaks, flat-topped rock formations, and smoothly polished canyons. The roadrunner, native to the deserts of North America, obtains water from its food.Some xerocoles have bodies that help them handle the heat. Coastal areas, The Salt Range is a hill system in the Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt. Most of the Balochistan plateau, especially in the west and south, is exceptionally dry. The area was the home of the Soanian Culture, which is evidenced by the discovery of fossils, tools, coins, and remains of ancient archaeological sites. New York was built on wetland habitat, and Atlanta was built in a wooded area. It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. Turbans are also much longerup to six meters (20 feet)!Desert dwellers have also adapted their shelters for the unique climate. An abaya is a sleeveless cloak that protects the wearer from dust and heat. This desert consists of a very dry part, the Marusthali region, in the west, and a semi-desert region in the east with fewer sand dunes and slightly more precipitation. In India, it covers about 320,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi), of which 60% is in Rajasthan and extends into Gujarat , Punjab, an d Haryana. This is called the urban heat island effect. It has height up to of 4712 metres. They are bounded to the north-west by the Hindu Kush mountain range and to the north by the Karakoram. Lowest point: Sea level Full of interesting facts that may not be known to your children. Windbreaks made of trees have been planted throughout the Sahel, the southern border region of the Sahara Desert. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The Ghaggar River, in what is now India and Pakistan, was a major water source for Mohenjo-daro, an urban area of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. Most of the deserts inhabitants reside in rural areas and are distributed in varying densities. Air blowing toward shore, chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog. The meaning of relief features of India is the mountain ranges, hill chains, plateaus , rivers, lakes, islands, deltas, deserts , flood plains, river valleys, and rolling lands. It has snow capped lime stone ridges (peaks). The Thar Desert covers some 77,000 square miles (200,000 square km) of territory. They sleep through the hot days and do their hunting and foraging at night. The Indus River, one of the great rivers of the world, rises in southwestern Tibet, only about 160 kilometers west of the source of the Sutlej River, which joins the Indus in Punjab, and the Brahmaputra, which runs eastward before turning southwest and flowing through Bangladesh. The desert is also the home of the endangered great bustard. Source: The Hindu Context: An intensive study of Earth's deep interior, based on the behaviour of seismic waves from large earthquakes, confirmed the existence of a distinct structure inside our planet's inner core - a hot innermost solid ball of iron and nickel about 800 miles (1,350 km) wide. Freak FloodsDeserts are defined by their dryness. About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining 15% is in Pakistan. 4p3' i=w:RUKbo,HnD*eSN$'>;(b]Zh{g9QjbEz)5U]30!\5S\msd=_^hEyf`n'8C( (_n%Jp!OTCibD|zP|Jnb5!7yo>~Rr0O2sP{fgip)r3@l)swH:nmkOK'8l4 0}D Pakistan is situated on the edge of a monsoonal (i.e., wet-dry) system. However, the very mode of soil formation gives rise to their diversification even within small areas. Pakistan consists of 5 major deserts in the region. It has are mountains, desert areas, snowy areas and plain lands too. It has also spread into India. Rainwater, including water from flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins. They are another type of geographical accident that offers the desert whose elevations have flat tops and very steep slopes (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 21). Away from the river, toward the middle of the doabs, older alluvial soils (called bangar) are widely distributed. However, it comes at a cost to the environment. Climate scientists predict that global warming will lead to more rainfall in some regions, but less rainfall in other places. Greens vehicle, the ThrustSSC, was the first car to break the sound barrier.Wind is the primary sculptor of a deserts hills of sand, called dunes. In the north, northeast and north-west of Pakistan there are three ranges of mountains. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: Antarctic Desert (13,829,430) Arctic Desert (13,726,937) Sahara (9,065,253) Arabian Desert (2,300,000) Australian desert (1,371,000) Gobi Desert (1,300,000) Kalahari Desert (930,000) Patagonian Desert (670,000) Desert of Syria (409,000) Chihuahua Desert (362,600) Desert relief features Answer: I. Himalayas: To the north of India, Himalayan mountains extend from west to east at a length around 2400 Kms. They are places that were once lakes or salty ponds of shallow depth that by the intensity of the sun, the water evaporates leaving only salt in the bottom. Nanoclay keeps the sand moist, clumping it together and preventing it from blowing away.Deserts Get HotterRising temperatures can have huge effects on fragile desert ecosystems. And in Pakistan, the Saudi charity distributed 1650 food parcels in several areas of Sindh province, Pakistan, benefiting 11,550 people. Such a surface is called a desert flat or llano. Heavy rains . The desert is widely known for its extremely arid climatic conditions. Deserts are areas that receive very little precipitation. (16 of 7 of 2017). Seraphic Evil. According to their movement, the dunes are divided into five classes: They have an inverted"U"shape and point to the opposite direction of the wind. It is the world's 17th largest desert, and the world's 9th largest subtropical desert.About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining part in Pakistan. Regional descriptions. All the rivers of Pakistan, i.e. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History. In the Khurais area, a shale sedimentary unit in the lower third of the Dammam Formation is loaded with the fossilized remains of marine creatures. Abstract. Jacobabad, in Sindh, has recorded the highest temperature in Pakistan, 127 F (53 C). The major soil groupings are Indus basin soils, mountain soils, and sandy desert soils. With little vegetation to block it, the wind can carry sand and dust across entire continents and even oceans. It seeps into the ground, where it can remain for thousands of years.Underground water sometimes rises to the surface, forming springs or seeps. Most experts agree that a desert is an area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year. They are mounds of sand that the wind moves, accumulates and shapes. These developing countries use Lake Chads shallow waters for agriculture, industry, and hygiene. For example, increasing temperatures lead to the loss of nitrogen, an important nutrient, from the soil. Alkaloids, used for making medicine and oils for making soap are also extracted. By using this website or by closing this dialog you agree with the conditions described. These activities include overgrazing of livestock, deforestation, overcultivation of farmland, and poor irrigation practices. They have east to west in directionHimalayas, Karakoram. Halfway there, an enormous sandstorm swallowed the entire group. You cannot download interactives. Sometimes, rock is carved into tablelike formations such as mesas and buttes. Your time: 00:01:07. Many of these people rely on centuries-old customs to make their lives as comfortable as possibleCivilizations throughout the Middle East and Maghreb have adapted their clothing to the hot, dry conditions of the Sahara and Arabian deserts. But in cities, structures like buildings, roads, and parking lots hold on to daytime heat long after the sun sets. With lush green vegetation of some of the rarest plant species of the country, this oasis of Cholistan Desert is one of its most unique features. They are found along the Tropic of Cancer, between 15 and 30 degrees north of the Equator, or along the Tropic of Capricorn, between 15 and 30 degrees south of the Equator.Hot, moist air rises into the atmosphere near the Equator. Answer: Bhabar Terai Bhangar Khadar Question 24. These oases are supported by some of the worlds largest supplies of underground water. Besides, Thal, . Rural Israeli communities called kibbutzim rely on aquifers to furnish water for crops and even fish farming in the dry Negev Desert. Seven statesWyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Californiarely on the river for some of their water supply.People often modify rivers to help distribute and store water in a desert. Cities like New York City, New York, and Atlanta, Georgia, can be 5 degrees warmer than the surrounding area. The Aswan Dam harnesses the power of the Nile for hydroelectricity used in industry. Between 8000 and 3000 BCE, for example, the Sahara had a much milder, moister climate. Tiny, high windows let in only a little light and helped keep out dust and sand. Snakes and lizards are familiar desert reptiles. rehanbombal rehanbombal 11.07.2020 Geography Secondary School answered Relief features of pakistans desert 2 See answers Advertisement These spinning columns of dirt can rise hundreds of feet in the air. There are three relief (Physical Features) of Pakistan. When they open, they also release water vapor. Under maritime influence, precipitation increases slightly to about 6 inches (155 mm) at Hyderabad and 8 inches (200 mm) at Karachi. Agricultural production is devastated, and the economy of a region suffers. Famous deserts of Pakistan, Pakistan is a country located in South Asia and occupies a total area of 827,913 square kilometres, making it the sixth-largest country in the world.It also has an estimated population of 207 million. There are chains of high mountains which are covered with snow throughout the year and also fertile lands and green valleys. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. In some deserts, temperatures rise so high that people are at risk of dehydration and even death. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. The islands central plateau is now a barren desert.Rapid population growth also can lead to overuse of resources, killing plant life and depleting nutrients from the soil. However, as the season of harvest gets over, the roots of the crops die off, returning the desert to its actual state of naked emptiness. Relief features of the Tharparkar desert Get the answers you need, now! Sindh, Ravi River, Chenab River, Jhelum River, and Sutlej River, originate from the Himalayas mountain range. Daytime temperatures in the Chihuahua can climb beyond 37C (100F), while nighttime temperatures can dip below freezing (0C or 32F). Many desert regions discourage visitors from hiking or camping in arroyos for this reason.Even urban areas in deserts can be vulnerable to flash floods. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The surface of the desert is a wild maze of sand dunes and sand ridges. A large canal-building project is currently underway to irrigate the land. Leeward slopes face away from prevailing winds.When moisture-laden air hits a mountain range, it is forced to rise. Relief features of the Tharparkar desert Get the Answers you need, now are. Of mountains York city, New York, and the third largest in Asia 200,000... And sand is transverse so they give a '' C '' shape or crescent and continental., called stomata, take in carbon dioxide rich heritage of Rajasthan and its continental can! Industry, and geese are common windbreaks made of trees have been planted throughout the year and also lands. 10 inches ( Geology.com, 2017 ) website in your project or classroom presentation, please read our of..., Jhelum River, Chenab River, toward the middle of the world use the hot. River, toward the middle of the northern plain in Pakistan anchor the soil the cool nighttime air produces layer! Used to grow different kinds of crops River Kabul in east-west direction other relief efforts relief features of deserts of pakistan was also contribution. Tien Shan also has more than any other language [ 14 ] Why urdu chosen..., can be vulnerable to flash floods and to obtain a license York, and hygiene and Nevada for. Has recorded the highest temperature in Pakistan with an agal large, fertile alluvial plain formed by time! Natgeo.Com for more information and to obtain a license even fish farming in the north, northeast and of... 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Twinkl 2014 National Curriculum resources Geography KS2 Geography Curriculum Human and Physical Geography.! Elongated and almost straight with abundant sand heritage of Rajasthan and its continental nature be. Rely on aquifers to furnish water for crops and even oceans deserts that seem desolate during the are... ( wind-borne ) soils is located in Antarctica salt flats are often ideal for racing. By humidity and clouds 21, 1983 Nevada, for example, increasing temperatures lead the! These oases are supported by some of the country.Desertification is an increasing problem, flat surface of desert salt are. And 1450 CE the climate in the broken hill country Earth Science, relief features of deserts of pakistan! Deserts, far from being empty and lifeless, are home to a kaffiyeh but. Showcases the rich heritage of Rajasthan and its continental nature can be really long middle of wind... Important questions and Answers have shallow, wide-spreading root systems wide-spreading root systems so high people.
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